获得感：概念、机制与统计测量

获得感作为一个极具中国特色的本土化概念，近年来得到了越来越多的重视。获得感有一个从顾客满意度到获得感的发展过程，是指个体在获取某种利益之后，内心深处所产生的一系列主观感受，是一种满足和幸福的积极情绪体验，而这种感受要建立在实实在在的获得基础之上，具有主观性、客观性以及可测性等主要特征。基于此，获得感的结构兼具物质根源和心理根源，物质根源是获得感的基础，心理根源是获得感的核心。而获得感的测量方法应该注重自陈式路径，统计测量指标也需要主客观指标相结合。在技术上，研究者可利用自上而下的方法和自下而上的方法确定合理的指标维度，用主观评定法以及因子分析法确定获得感各指标的权重系数。     

Policies for Recruiting Talented Professionals from the Diaspora: India and China Compared

Despite the continuous asymmetrical power relations between the Global North and South, the “global race for talent” is no longer a privilege enjoyed only by developed countries. Comparative analysis of policy content and effectiveness has attracted increasing interest. The examination of policy initiatives resulting in return migration of highly‐skilled migrants from the Global North to the Global South, however, remains inadequate. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of policies targeting high‐level Chinese and Indian professionals including full‐time returnees. Two key differences in policy instruments and outcomes in the two countries are identified and they have implications for migration policies in other countries in the Global South and North.     

非洲反殖民传统的灯塔：埃塞俄比亚文化诸相略论

位于非洲东北部的埃塞俄比亚是非洲文明、语言、艺术和哲学的摇篮，也是非洲政治思想和文学思想的发源地和重镇。埃塞俄比亚独特的历史地位使它成为非洲人民心目中的一座文化丰碑和一面精神旗帜。埃塞俄比亚人坚持使用阿姆哈拉语，已成为当代非洲本土意识的一个重要表征。埃塞俄比亚运动具有宗教改革和政治革命性质，对近代非洲意识的觉醒和非洲崛起具有重要作用。埃塞俄比亚哲学是一种富有哲理性的智慧，典型地反映了非洲人的生存和思维方式。埃塞俄比亚的艺术是本土艺术与宗教艺术的结合、非洲传统工艺和欧洲现代工艺的结合。以“埃塞俄比亚之风”为代表的非洲音乐元素是美国非裔文学乃至整个欧美现代主义文学之中回荡的一种旋律，对它们的主题思想和艺术形式都产生了深刻影响。     

PROVIDING GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS: ELECTORAL DELEGATION AND COOPERATION

This study experimentally examines the effect of electoral delegation on providing global public goods shared by several groups. Each group elects one delegate who can freely decide on each group member's contribution to the global public goods. Our results show that people mostly vote for delegates who assign equal contributions for every group member. However, in contrast to standard theoretical predictions for our delegation mechanism, unequal contributions across groups drive cooperation down over time, and it decreases efficiency by almost 50% compared to the selfish benchmark. This pattern is not driven by delegates trying to exploit their fellow group members, as indicated by theory. It is driven by conditional cooperation of delegates across groups. Since one of the potential sources of the resulting inefficiency is the polycentric nature of global public goods provision together with other‐regarding preferences, we use the term P‐inefficiency to describe our finding. (JEL C92, D72, H41)     

“拯救”新闻业的技术方案何以失灵?--区块链新闻初创公司“可感知创新属性”分析

区块链技术在范式创新的意义上激发了对新闻业前景的乐观想象,区块链新闻初创公司作为“颠覆性创新者”,形成了与成熟媒体机构完全不同的创新路径。本文以创新扩散理论中的“可感知创新属性”为分析框架,考察了初创公司Civil的创新历程及其潜在采纳者在决策中可能感知的综合信息氛围。研究表明,Civil在商业和专业方面带来相对优势的感知是模糊的,甚至是高风险的;激进的创业文化与遵循制度化、常规化业务逻辑的传统新闻业存在相容性上的障碍;过于复杂的运行机制和购买流程大大降低了创新的可试验性和可观察性,这些因素共同构成了潜在采纳者对其创新属性的负面感知,进而使这种强调采纳决策相互依赖性的交互式创新趋于失败。     

关于族群关系、民族关系与社会关系的关系

"族群"与"民族"概念上存在着交叉关联.族群关系、民族关系都是一种社会关系,但社会关系不一定都构成民族关系,民族关系有时也不一定能够准确地表述特殊的社会关系,族群关系却可以化解民族关系表述的"潜在危机".族群关系、民族关系与社会关系的关系具有多向性、非对称性和动态性的特点.     

谭恩美小说《接骨师之女》的国内研究综述

华裔作家谭恩美的小说《接骨师之女》一出版就引起了国内研究者的关注。从最近十年国内公开发表的论文看，不论是文章的数量，还是文章的质量都呈现出持续发展的态势，研究者从不同的角度对作品展开解读。但是，系统回顾小说《接》的国内研究现状，不难发现，当前对该作品的研究仍然存在不少的问题：如主题内容过于集中，研究视角狭窄且多重复，研究的深度有待提高等等。如果这些问题得到妥善解决，小说《接骨师之女》仍然具有较大的研究空间，其前景也令人期待。     

当代社会思潮对青年的影响——基于对近十年相关研究的述评

研究社会思潮对青年的影响对于新形势下使青年树立和践行社会主义核心价值观具有重要意义。分析近10年的相关文献后发现,当代中国社会对青年有较大影响的思潮主要有新儒家思潮或文化保守主义思潮、实用主义思潮、自由主义思潮、历史主义思潮、新左派思潮、民族主义思潮、民主社会主义思潮和民粹主义思潮。此外还存在诸如后现代主义思潮、女权主义思潮、反全球化思潮、消费主义思潮等对青年影响力稍小但绝不容忽视的思潮。当代社会思潮深刻地影响了青年的信仰和价值观,导致青年政治意识表达方式变迁,影响青年文化体系的形成和变迁,而在这些过程中青年接受社会思潮影响的方式也在发生着变化。社会思潮影响下的青年思想引领主要有思想绝缘法、对象研究法、武器强化法和能力培养法。现有关于社会思潮对青年影响的研究存在着过分侧重定性研究和消极影响、到底如何影响是"黑箱"、研究成果呈现结构失衡等缺陷,需要针对这些缺陷寻找相应的研究进路。     

Optimal control strategies for dividend payments and capital injections in compound Markov binomial risk model with penalties for deficits

We consider the compound Markov binomial risk model. The company controls the amount of dividends paid to the shareholders as well as the capital injections in order to maximize the cumulative expected discounted dividends minus the discounted capital injections and the discounted penalties for deficits prior to ruin. We show that the optimal value function is the unique solution of an HJB equation, and the optimal control strategy is a two-barriers strategy given the current state of the Markov chain. We obtain some properties of the optimal strategy and the optimal condition for ruining the company. We offer a high-efficiency algorithm for obtaining the optimal strategy and the optimal value function. In addition, we also discuss the optimal control problem under a restriction of bounded dividend rates. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the algorithm and the impact of the penalties.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.